Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is dead, but. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. Please answer the following questions about how you are feeling currently. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was. Hamilton depression rating scale hdrs please complete the scale based on a structured interview instructions. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. Pdf reliability indonesian version of the hospital. Despite the strengths of this study, we have concerns that its findings are not an accurate reflection of depression and anxiety, but rather of the specific properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Reliability and validity of the hospital anxiety and. Objective to investigate the clinical implications of sleep quality, anxiety and depression in patients with advanced lung cancer lc and their family caregivers fcs.
Anxiety and depression in patients with early stage endometr. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 190k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is dead. Most physicians are aware of this aspect of the illness of their patients but many feel incompetent to provide the patient with reliable information. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads bmj open. The differentiation of anxiety and depression by rating scales. Feb 01, 1986 full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Anxiety and depression were determined by the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. Be sure to record the answers in the appropriate spaces positions 0 through 4. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. Dec 14, 2005 general practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. Chiarellithreedimensional structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in a large french primary care population suffering from major depression. It should be emphasised that selfassessment scales are only valid for screening purposes. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and.
Use of the general health questionnaire in clinical work. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. The bai does not assess other primary symptoms of anxiety, most notably worry and other cognitive aspects of anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, hds page 2 of 4 4 i can laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could 0 not quite so much now 1 definitely not so much now 2 not at all 3 5 worrying thoughts go through my mind a great deal of the time 3 a lot of the time 2 not too often 1 very little 0 6 i feel cheerful never 3 not. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. There is also a lack of psychometric evaluations of the hads in nonclinical samples of older people.
Each item is rated from 0 to 3, some are reverse coded. The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been extensively used to evaluate these psychiatric comorbidities in various clinical settings at all levels of health care services except for the accident and emergency department. Review the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. Dear editor, we read with interest the findings by phan et al. This study therefore aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the hads for anxiety and depression. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The hospital anxiety and depression scale wiley online library. Validity of the beck depression inventory, hospital anxiety and depression scale, scl90, and hamilton depression rating scale as screening instruments for depression in stroke patients.
The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Ii how does hads perform as a case finder for anxiety disorders and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfadministered measure used to screen for the presence of depression and anxiety.
Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale associated with. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of. Snaith rp, baugh sj, clayden ad, husain a, sipple ma. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet grading. Hospital anxiety and depression scale patientreported. Construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing.
A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in different groups of dutch subjects. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale manual 2019 natural. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, a physician in general hospital practice said that. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely this tool has been translated and validated in many countries and its capacity. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed to provide clinicians a reliable, valid, and practical tool to identify and quantify the anxiety and depression in medical patients.
Selfreport for childhood anxiety related disorders. Dahlb, tone tangen haugc, dag neckelmannd adepartment of public health and primary health care, section for preventive medicine, haukeland hospital, armauer hansen building, university of bergen, n5021 bergen, norway. Report by journal of postgraduate medical institute. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each. To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Dahlb, tone tangen haugc, dag neckelmannd adepartment of public health and primary health care, section for preventive medicine, haukeland hospital. Although widely used, the hads has important, specific limitations. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. The depressive and anxiety sub scales are used to measure the severity of. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord.
Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Read each item and circle the reply which comes closest to. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads stroke engine. Jul, 2019 hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents volume 175 issue 5 david white, chris leach, ruth sims, michelle atkinson, david cottrell. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. Discriminant validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale, beck depression inventory ii and beck anxiety inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Health, general anxiety diagnosis research depression mood disorder depression, mental psychological tests analysis usage. A validation of the hospital anxiety depression scale had br j psychiatry, 152 1988, pp. Methods a total of 98 patients with advanced lc and their fcs n98 were recruited from the oncology department in nanfang hospital.
Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population volume 179 issue 6 arnstein mykletun, eystein stordal, alv a. This is a 14item questionnaire categorized into 2 subscales, anxiety cronbach alpha 0. To evaluate further the psychometric properties of the chinese version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads as a screening instrument for anxiety and depression in chinese patients with coronary heart disease chd in xian, china. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, a fourpoint, 14item questionnaire, was tested as a screening method for adjustment disorders and major depressive disorders in a sample of 210. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more.
The hospitalanxiety and depression scale depression subscale, but not the beck depressioninventoryfast. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads description. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of suffering in the setting of medical practice. I how are the factor structure, discriminant validity and the internal consistency of hads. A psychometric evaluation of the chinese version of the. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of. The hads was developed to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety. Several studies have shown that patients with chronic low back pain may have subclinical depression and impairments in mental health and that these in. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Depression and anxiety were measured by the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, 38 a 14item questionnaire that assesses depressive 7items and anxiety symptoms 7items on a 4point. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi, consisting of. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 314k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Sleep quality, anxiety and depression in advanced lung. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting.
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